Study Guides

Study Guides
page last modified on Monday, September 22, 2008 3:37 PM

Chemistry 1A
Exam	Chapter	Guide
1	1	What is the difference between laws, theories, and hypotheses? What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties? What is the difference between physical and chemical changes? If I give a number, how many significant digits are in that number? If performing a calculation, how many significant digits should there be in the final answer? Can you interconvert units between centi, milli, kilo, and nano? (Ex. How many centimeters are in a kilometer?) There will be some questions involving density and dimensional analysis (see the practice test for examples). Where in the periodic table are the akali metals, the alkali earth metals, the halogens, and the nobel gases? Where in the periodic table are the metals, the non-metals, and the semi-metals (metalloids)? Can you give the name of an element given the atomic symbol and vice versa? (see table 1.1) There may be a conceptual question or two.
1	2	Given the mass number, atomic number, and charge, can you tell me how many protons, neutrons, and electrons there are in an element? If a neutral element were to gain or lose electrons, what would the charge likely be on that element? There will be a few true/false questions about the basic structure of the atom. Can you name binary ionic compounds? What about binary covalent (molecular) compounds? What about compounds involving a cation and a polyatomic anion? Can you name the polyatomic anions? You will be given the naming flow chart on the exam (as seen in the lecture notes) Can you name acids and bases? Can you name the strong acids and bases? Can you give the structural formula of a compound (example: what is the structural formula of calcium phosphate?) Would you be able to categorize matter as (a) pure element, (b) pure chemical compound, (c) homogeneous mixture, and (d) a heterogeneous mixture? Can you answer questions similar to, "what ions are produced when NaCl is dissolved and dissociated in water?" Can you answer questions similar to, "what is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?"
2	3	Be able to balance chemical equations Can you translate "chemical sentences" into balanced chemical equations? Be able to perform stoichiometry calculations (there's lots of possibilities here!) Be able to determine the limiting/excess reactant in a chemical reaction Be able to calculate and work with molarity (including stoichiometry and limiting/excess reagent calculations) Can you calculate the molarity of a prepared solution Do you know how to use the dilution equation? Can you convert the percent composition of a compound into an empirical formula? (percent to mass, mass to mole, divide by small, multiply till whole!) Can you convert an empirical formula into a chemical formula? Do you know the difference between the empirical, chemical, and structural formula?
2	4	Do you know the difference between strong, weak, and non-electrolytes? What experiment would help discriminate between strong and non-electrolytes? Can you classify reactions as: precipitation, redox, acid-base, or "no reaction"? Given two reactants, can you predict the products, give the state (s,l,g,aq), and balance the equation? Can you use a solubility chart? Do you know the difference between the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equation? Given a balanced molecular chemical equation, could you tell me the net ionic equation? Can give the oxidation number of an element in a chemical compound? Can you balance oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic or basic conditions? In redox, can you predict whether reactions will be spontaneous? Be able to calculate the pH of a solution or get the H30+ (hydronium ion) concentration from the pH!
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Chemistry 1B
Exam	Chapter	Guide
1	11	Do you how to calculate the molarity, molality, mass percentage, ppm, ppb, and volume percentage of a solution? Can you interconvert between these concentration units? What are the four colligative properties as discussed in this chapter? Can you explain how each of the four colligative properties works? Remember the golden rule with miscibility, "like dissolves like" What thermodynamic properties are important with respect to an ionic solute dissolving in a solvent?
1	12	Be prepared to calculate the instantaneous rate of a reaction given reaction data (C1, C2, T1, T2). We will see questions involving the rate law. How is the rate law determined? What is the reaction order? What is the rate law useful for? Be prepared to use the 1st order and 2nd order integrated laws. Be prepared to calculate the half-lives of 1st order and 2nd order reactions. What is a zeroth order reaction? What is an elementary reaction? What is a mechanism? What is a catalyst and what is a catalyst's role in a reaction?
2	13	Can you write the equilibrium expression for an equilibrium reaction? Do you understand the difference between Kp and Kc? Can you interconvert between Kp and Kc? Can you calculate K given a set of equilibrium concentrations for reactants and products? Can you use ICE tables to solve for equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products? Can you judge the "extent" of a reaction? Can you predict how an equilibrium reaction will "adjust" itself given a stress on the reaction? How does pressure and volume affect the equilibrium of an equilibrium reaction involving several gases? How does temperature affect the equilibrium constant? How do catalysts affect the equilibrium?
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